此任务演示了 Istio 的流量镜像功能。
流量镜像,也称为影子流量,是一个以尽可能低的风险为生产带来变化的强大的功能。镜像会将实时流量的副本发送到镜像服务。镜像流量发生在主服务的关键请求路径之外。
在此任务中,首先把流量全部路由到 v1
版本的测试服务。然后,执行规则将一部分流量镜像到 v2
版本。
首先部署两个版本的 httpbin 服务,httpbin 服务已开启访问日志:
httpbin-v1:
$ cat <<EOF | istioctl kube-inject -f - | kubectl create -f -
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: httpbin-v1
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: httpbin
version: v1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: httpbin
version: v1
spec:
containers:
- image: docker.io/kennethreitz/httpbin
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: httpbin
command: ["gunicorn", "--access-logfile", "-", "-b", "0.0.0.0:80", "httpbin:app"]
ports:
- containerPort: 80
EOF
httpbin-v2:
$ cat <<EOF | istioctl kube-inject -f - | kubectl create -f -
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: httpbin-v2
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: httpbin
version: v2
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: httpbin
version: v2
spec:
containers:
- image: docker.io/kennethreitz/httpbin
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: httpbin
command: ["gunicorn", "--access-logfile", "-", "-b", "0.0.0.0:80", "httpbin:app"]
ports:
- containerPort: 80
EOF
httpbin Kubernetes service:
$ kubectl create -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: httpbin
labels:
app: httpbin
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 8000
targetPort: 80
selector:
app: httpbin
EOF
启动 sleep
服务,这样就可以使用 curl
来提供负载了:
sleep service:
$ cat <<EOF | istioctl kube-inject -f - | kubectl create -f -
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: sleep
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: sleep
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: sleep
spec:
containers:
- name: sleep
image: tutum/curl
command: ["/bin/sleep","infinity"]
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
EOF
默认情况下,Kubernetes 在 httpbin
服务的两个版本之间进行负载均衡。在此步骤中会更改该行为,把所有流量都路由到 v1
。
创建一个默认路由规则,将所有流量路由到服务的 v1
:
$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: httpbin
spec:
hosts:
- httpbin
http:
- route:
- destination:
host: httpbin
subset: v1
weight: 100
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
name: httpbin
spec:
host: httpbin
subsets:
- name: v1
labels:
version: v1
- name: v2
labels:
version: v2
EOF
现在所有流量都转到httpbin:v1
服务。
向服务发送一下流量:
$ export SLEEP_POD=$(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
$ kubectl exec "${SLEEP_POD}" -c sleep -- curl -s http://httpbin:8000/headers
{
"headers": {
"Accept": "*/*",
"Content-Length": "0",
"Host": "httpbin:8000",
"User-Agent": "curl/7.35.0",
"X-B3-Sampled": "1",
"X-B3-Spanid": "eca3d7ed8f2e6a0a",
"X-B3-Traceid": "eca3d7ed8f2e6a0a",
"X-Ot-Span-Context": "eca3d7ed8f2e6a0a;eca3d7ed8f2e6a0a;0000000000000000"
}
}
分别查看 httpbin
服务 v1
和 v2
两个 pods 的日志,您可以看到访问日志进入 v1
,而 v2
中没有日志:
$ export V1_POD=$(kubectl get pod -l app=httpbin,version=v1 -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
$ kubectl logs -f $V1_POD -c httpbin
127.0.0.1 - - [07/Mar/2018:19:02:43 +0000] "GET /headers HTTP/1.1" 200 321 "-" "curl/7.35.0"
$ export V2_POD=$(kubectl get pod -l app=httpbin,version=v2 -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
$ kubectl logs -f $V2_POD -c httpbin
改变流量规则将流量镜像到 v2:
$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: httpbin
spec:
hosts:
- httpbin
http:
- route:
- destination:
host: httpbin
subset: v1
weight: 100
mirror:
host: httpbin
subset: v2
mirror_percent: 100
EOF
这个路由规则发送 100% 流量到 v1。最后一段表示你将镜像流量到 httpbin:v2
服务。当流量被镜像时,请求将发送到镜像服务中,并在 headers
中的 Host/Authority
属性值上追加 -shadow
。例如 cluster-1
变为 cluster-1-shadow
。
此外,重点注意这些被镜像的流量是『 即发即弃』 的,就是说镜像请求的响应会被丢弃。
您可以使用 mirror_percent
属性来设置镜像流量的百分比,而不是镜像全部请求。为了兼容老版本,如果这个属性不存在,将镜像所有流量。
发送流量:
$ kubectl exec "${SLEEP_POD}" -c sleep -- curl -s http://httpbin:8000/headers
现在就可以看到 v1
和 v2
中都有了访问日志。v2 中的访问日志就是由镜像流量产生的,这些请求的实际目标是 v1。
$ kubectl logs -f $V1_POD -c httpbin
127.0.0.1 - - [07/Mar/2018:19:02:43 +0000] "GET /headers HTTP/1.1" 200 321 "-" "curl/7.35.0"
127.0.0.1 - - [07/Mar/2018:19:26:44 +0000] "GET /headers HTTP/1.1" 200 321 "-" "curl/7.35.0"
$ kubectl logs -f $V2_POD -c httpbin
127.0.0.1 - - [07/Mar/2018:19:26:44 +0000] "GET /headers HTTP/1.1" 200 361 "-" "curl/7.35.0"
删除规则:
$ kubectl delete virtualservice httpbin
$ kubectl delete destinationrule httpbin
关闭 httpbin 服务和客户端:
$ kubectl delete deploy httpbin-v1 httpbin-v2 sleep
$ kubectl delete svc httpbin